Optimal Hardenability Steel and Its Future Worldwide Application



Abstract Views
155

Downloads
232

Citations

Share

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##

Submitted Jul 23, 2022
Published Oct 6, 2022
10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.5.200

Abstract viewed = 155 times

Table of Contents

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

In the paper the problem of intensive quenching (IQ) of optimal hardenability (OH) steel in low concentration of water solutions that eliminates film boiling is widely discussed. Currently, for performing IQ processes complicated quench systems and highly costly technological processes are used resulting in the slow application of IQ technologies in the heat-treating industry. Also, there is no complete understanding of what makes OH steel unique, especially after quenching in low concentrations of water polymer solutions. The paper states that OH steel should be quenched in water polymer solutions of low concentration (1%–3%) agitated by hydrodynamic emitters to guarantee the absence of the film boiling process. Optimal results one can obtain if OH steel is composed according to patented methodology and is quenched in condition 0.8≤Kn≤1. All of this simplifies the quenching process resulting in acceleration and wide use of IQ technologies in the heat-treating industry.

Keywords: Optimal Hardenability Steel, Residual Stresses, Super Strengthening, Future of OH Steel.

References

  1. Kobasko NI. An insulting surface polymeric layer during quenching makes environment green, increases strength of materials, and decreases their cost, London Journal of Research in Science: Natural and Formal, 2022; 22(6), Compilation 1.0: 1–16.
     Google Scholar
  2. Kobasko N. High Quality Steel vs Surface Polymeric Layer Formed during Quenching, Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany, 2019; 84.
     Google Scholar
  3. Kobasko NI. Basics of quench process hardening of powder materials and irons in liquid media, European Journal of Applied Physics, 2022; 4(3): 30–37.
     Google Scholar
  4. Tolubinsky VI. Heat Transfer at Boiling. Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, 1980.
     Google Scholar
  5. Kutateladze SS. Fundamentals of Heat Transfer, Academic Press, New York, 1963.
     Google Scholar
  6. Kobasko N. Advanced Quenching Technologies (Phenomena and New Approaches), Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany, 2021; 120.
     Google Scholar
  7. Kobasko NI. Contemporary Methods of Steel Hardening in Liquid Media Based on Laws of Modern Physics, Research & Reviews: Journal of Pure and Applied Physics (RRJPAP), 2021; 9(5): 6–17.
     Google Scholar
  8. Totten GE. Bates CE, and Clinton NA, Handbook of Quenchants and Quenching Technology, Materials Park, ASM International, 1993, 507.
     Google Scholar
  9. Grossmann MA. Principles of Heat Treatment, American Society for Metals, Ohio, USA, 1964; 303.
     Google Scholar
  10. Kobasko NI, Aronov MA, Powell JA, Totten GE. Intensive Quenching Systems: Engineering and Design, ASTM International, W. Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2010; 234.
     Google Scholar
  11. US Patent No. 6,364,974, April 2, 2002, Quenching Apparatus and Method for Hardening Steel Parts.
     Google Scholar
  12. Ukrainian Patent UA 114174, C2. Alloyed low hardenability steel and method of its designing, filed on Sept. 23, 2013, File number: a 2013 11311. 2017.
     Google Scholar
  13. Kondrat’ev GM. Thermal Measurements, Mashgiz,, Moscow, 1957.
     Google Scholar
  14. Russian Patent No. 2158320, Construction Steel of Low Hardenability, Application No. 99125102, Filed on Nov. 29, 1999.
     Google Scholar
  15. Shepelyakovswkii KZ, Bezmenov FV. New Induction Hardening Technology, Advanced Materials & Processes, October 1998: 225–227.
     Google Scholar
  16. Ouchakov BK, Efremov VN, Kolodjagny VV. New Compositions of Bearing Steels of Controlled Hardenability, Steel, 1991; (10): 62–65.
     Google Scholar
  17. Kobasko NI. Steel Quenching in Liquid Media Under Pressure, Naukova Dumka, Kyiv, 1980. 206.
     Google Scholar
  18. Worldwide Guide to Equivalent Irons and Steels (4th Edition), ASM International, USA, 2000
     Google Scholar
  19. Bhadeshia HKDH. Bainite in Steels: Theory and Practice (3rd edition), Money Publishing, 2015, 616.
     Google Scholar
  20. Ukrainian patent UA No. 109572, Filed on July 7, 2013, Published on Sept. 10, 2015, Bulletin 7.
     Google Scholar
  21. Kobasko NI. Real and Effective Heat Transfer Coefficients (HTCs) Used for Computer Simulation of Transient Nucleate Boiling Processes during Quenching, Materials Performance and Characterization, 2012, 1(1), MPC. – 2012–0012. doi: 2012-0012.
     Google Scholar
  22. Kobasko NI, Morhuniuk WS, Ushakov BK. Design of Steel - Intensive Quench Processes, In a “Handbook of Metallurgical Process Design”, GE.Totten, K.Funatani, Lin Xie (Eds), Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 2004: 733-764.
     Google Scholar
  23. Kobasko NI, Morganyuk VS, Dobryvechir VV. Control of Residual Stress Formation and Steel Deformation During Rapid Heating and Cooling, Handbook of Residual Stress and Deformation of Steel, Totten G, Howes M, & Inoue T. (Eds.), ASM International, Materials Park, OH, USA, 2002, 312 – 330.
     Google Scholar
  24. Kobasko NI, Morganyuk VS. Study of Thermal and Stress-Strain State at Heat Treatment of Machine Parts. Znanie, Kyiv, 1983; 16.
     Google Scholar
  25. Kobasko NI, Morganyuk VS, Numerical Study of Phase Changes, Current and Residual Stresses at Quenching Parts of Complex Configuration, Proceedings of the 4th International Congress of Heat Treatment Materials, Berlin, 1985; 1: 465–486.
     Google Scholar