##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

In addition to wave-particle duality, the contributions of Kirchhoff-Helmholtz are fundamental to the scalar theory of diffraction. The mathematical results of their formulae help predict the maximum intensity of light at the center of the far-field diffraction pattern that coincides with the optical axis. This study demonstrates, via a series of the single-slit experiments, that the Helmholtz–Kirchhoff integral is invalid for transparent barriers. In fact, the experimental results show that the main factors determining the appearance of the diffraction pattern are the refractive index contrast between the barrier and the medium, including the physical invariance of the medium in response to factors such as temperature and pressure, and the dimensions of the barriers.

References

  1. B. Sakmann and E. Neher, Single-Channel Recording. Plenum Press, 1983, pp. 53-57.
     Google Scholar
  2. C. Denz, Mi. Schwab and C. Weilnau, Transverse Pattern Form. Photorefractive Opt. Springer Science and Business Media, 2003, pp. 81-84.
     Google Scholar
  3. D. Parriott, A Practical Guide to HPLC Detection. Academic Press, 2012, pp. 12-20.
     Google Scholar
  4. E. R. Dobrovinskaya, L. A. Lytvynov and V. Pishchik, Sapphire: Material, Manufacturing, Applications. Springer Science and Business Media, 2009, pp. 80-84.
     Google Scholar
  5. F. Brühne and E. Wright, Ullmann's Fine Chemicals, vol. 1. Wiley-VCH, John Wiley & Sons, 2014, pp. 376-377.
     Google Scholar
  6. F. Zernike and J. E. Midwinter, Applied Nonlinear Optics. Courier Corporation, 2006, pp. 1-2.
     Google Scholar
  7. G. h. Društvo, Bulletin of the Chemical Society. Belgrade, vol. 29, no. 5-6, 1964, pp. 5-7.
     Google Scholar
  8. H. B. Heath, Source Book of Flavors: (AVI Sourcebook and Handbook Series), vol. 2. Springer Science and Business Media, 1981, pp. 220-222.
     Google Scholar
  9. J. E. Shelby, Introduction to Glass Science and Technology. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2005, pp. 266-268.
     Google Scholar
  10. J. James, Light Microscopic Techniques in Biology and Medicine. Springer Science and Business Media, 2012, p. 124.
     Google Scholar
  11. J. A. Schetz and A. E. Fuhs, Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics. John Wiley & Sons, 1999, p. 202.
     Google Scholar
  12. K. Klem-Musatov, H. C. Hoeber, T. J. Moser and M. A. Pelissier, Classical and Modern Diffraction Theory. SEG Books, 2016, pp. 140-142.
     Google Scholar
  13. L. Wilson, P. T. Matsudaira, L. S.B. Goldstein and E. A. Fyrberg, Drosophila melanogaster: Practical Uses in Cell and Molecular Biology. Academic Press, 1995, pp. 512-515.
     Google Scholar
  14. M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of Optics, 7th ed. Cambridge University Press, 1999, pp. 421-439.
     Google Scholar
  15. M. Bockisch, Fats and Oils Handbook (Nahrungsfette und Öle). Elsevier, 2015, pp. 257-259.
     Google Scholar
  16. M. D. Larrañaga, R. J. Lewis, Sr. and R. A. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 16thed. John Wiley & Sons, 2016, p. 339.
     Google Scholar
  17. M. Wakaki, T. Shibuya and K. Kudo, Physical Properties and Data of Optical Materials. CRC Press, 2007, pp. 363-371.
     Google Scholar
  18. N. Board, Modern Technology of Oils, Fats & Its Derivatives. India: Asia Pacific Business Press, 2008, pp. 108-109.
     Google Scholar
  19. W. T. Schaller, “Mineralogical notes”, Bulletin 490. United States Geological Survey, Washington: Department of the Interior, series 1, 1911, pp. 60-64.
     Google Scholar