Analysis of Transient Boiling Processes during Steel Quenching in Water PAG Solutions to Decrease Distortion



Abstract Views
745

Downloads
276

Citations

Share

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##

Submitted Nov 6, 2021
Published Nov 27, 2021
10.24018/ejphysics.2021.3.6.131

Abstract viewed = 745 times

Table of Contents

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

The paper discusses results of testing standard cylindrical probe 12.5 mm diameter in water polymer solutions which was additionally instrumented with a surface thermocouple. It is shown that central thermocouple cannot depict many physical phenomena taking place during quenching in polymer solutions such as shoulder formation, self- regulated thermal process establishing, surface temperature transient from film boiling to nucleate boiling process. Moreover, it is shown that experimental data depicted by central thermocouple cannot be used for solving inverse problem to analyze quenching process in liquid media. Along with analyzing film and nucleate boiling processes during quenching, the paper discusses the possibility of quality quench process control via using sonar system. It is established an equation for evaluating duration of transient nucleate boiling process. As an example, the cooling characteristics of fresh and old polyalkylene glycol (PAG) polymer solutions are analyzed. It is shown that with passing time the critical heat flux density of polymer decreases and inverse solubility effect disappears. That is while the method and apparatus were developed to control in industrial condition the quality of quenched steel parts during hardening in liquid media.

Keywords: analysis, correctness, duration, film and nucleate boiling, quality control, surface thermocouple

References

  1. ASTM Standard Test Method for Determination of Cooling Characteristics of Aqueous Polymer Quenchants by Cooling Curve Analysis with Agitation, D 6482-06.
     Google Scholar
  2. Heat Treatment of Steel Handbook, Marcel Dekker, NY, 1997, pp. 157-149.
     Google Scholar
  3. Totten G.E., Bates C.E., and Clinton N.A. Handbook of Quenchants and Quenching Technology, Materials Park, ASM International, 1993, ch. 5, pp. 161-190.
     Google Scholar
  4. Beck J.V., Blackwell B., and Clair C.R.St. Inverse Heat Conduction: Ill – Posed Problems, New York, Wiley – Interscience, 1985.
     Google Scholar
  5. Kobasko N. Uniform and Intense Cooling During Hardening Steel in Low Concentration of Water Polymer Solutions. American Journal of Modern Physics. 2019; 8(6): 76-85.
     Google Scholar
  6. Kobasko N.I., Uniform and Intense Cooling During Hardening Steel in Low Concentration of Water Polymer Solutions Ibtissem, BELGACEM, Prime Archives in Physics. Hyderabad, India: Vide Leaf, 2020.
     Google Scholar
  7. Kobasko N.I., Aronov M.A., Powell J.A., G.E. Totten, Intensive Quenching Systems: Engineering and Design. ASTM International, USA, 2010, 234. doi: 10.1520/mnl64-eb.
     Google Scholar
  8. French H.J. The Quenching of Steels. Cleveland, Ohio, USA: American Society for Steel Treating, 1930.
     Google Scholar
  9. Kobasko N. High Quality Steel vs Surface Polymeric Layer Formed during Quenching, Germany, Lambert Academic Publishing, 2019, ch. 4, pp. 29-57.
     Google Scholar
  10. Kobasko N. Austempering Processes that are Performed via Cold Liquids, Germany, Lambert Academic Publishing, 2019, ch. 9-11, pp. 61-84.
     Google Scholar
  11. Kobasko N.I., Moskalenko A.A. Mechanism of Transient Nucleate Boiling Process Development during Hardening Metals and Irons in Electrolytes, Global Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (GJSRP), 2021; 1(5): 14-20.
     Google Scholar
  12. Kobasko N. I. Self-regulated thermal processes during quenching of steels in liquid media. International Journal of Microstructure and Materials Properties, 2005; 1 (1), 110-125. doi: 10.1504/ijm¬mp.2005.008135.
     Google Scholar
  13. Kobasko N. Investigation of transient nucleate boiling processes and their practical use in heat treating industry, EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, 2017; 5:39-48. DOI: 10.21303/2461-4262.2017.00409.
     Google Scholar
  14. Kobasko, N. I. Self – regulated thermal process, its main characteristics and practical application. International Journal of Current Research, 2016; 8 (11):41698–41704.
     Google Scholar
  15. Lykov A. V. Teoriya Teploprovodnosti [Theory of Heat Conductivity]. Moscow: Vysshaya Shkola, 596, 1967.
     Google Scholar
  16. Tolubinsky V.I. Heat Transfer at Boiling. Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, 1980.
     Google Scholar
  17. Kutateladze S. S. Fundamentals of Heat Transfer, Academic Press, New York, 1963.
     Google Scholar
  18. Guseynov Sh. E., Rimshans J.S., and Kobasko N.I. On one non – linear mathematical model for intensive steel quenching and its analytical solution in closed form, Progress in Industrial Mathematics at ECMI (Mathematics in Industry 15), A.D. Fitt et. al. Eds., Springer- Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010, pp. 857-862.
     Google Scholar
  19. Kobasko N., Guseynov Sh., and Rimshans J. Core Hardness and Microstructure Prediction in Any Steel Part, Germany, Lambert Academic Publishing, 2019, ch. 12, pp. 72 – 76.
     Google Scholar
  20. Buikis A. Multidimensional Mathematical Models for Intensive Steel Quenching, Germany, Lambert Academic Publishing, 2020, ch. 3, pp. 66-88.
     Google Scholar
  21. Kobasko N. I. Real and Effective Heat Transfer Coefficients (HTCs) Used for Computer Simulation of Transient Nucleate Boiling Processes during Quenching. Materials Performance and Characterization, 2012; 1 (1), MPC – 2012–0012. doi: 10.1520/mpc-2012-0012.
     Google Scholar
  22. Kobasko N. Advanced Quenching Technologies, Germany, Lambert Academic Publishing, 2021, 122 p.
     Google Scholar
  23. Kobasko N. I. Designing of advanced and original austempering processes based on thermal science and engineering physics approaches. EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, 2016; 2, 43-50.
     Google Scholar
  24. Kobasko N.I., Moskalenko A.A., and Dobryvechir V.V. Method and Apparatus for Quality Control of Metal Components in Liquid Media, UA Patent No. 119230.
     Google Scholar
  25. Kobasko N. Optimal Hardenability Steel and Method for Its Composing, Germany, Lambert Academic Publishing, 2018, ch. 5-8, pp. 29-58.
     Google Scholar